<div style="box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #4b566b; font-family: Montserrat, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"> <div style="box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #4b566b; font-family: Montserrat, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"> Journal Title Glosains: Jurnal Sains Global Indonesia DOI prefix 10.59784 by Crossref Frequency 6 Issues per year (February, April, June, August, October, December) ISSN Online (2798-4311) | Print (2798-4125) Editor in Chief Layaman Publisher Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Kuningan Indexing CROSSREF | SCILIT | Citation Analysis Google Scholar | Dimension Glosains: Jurnal Sains Global Indonesia is a medium of communication for researchers, academics, and practitioners from around the world covering issues such as Humanities and social sciences, contemporary political science, Educational sciences, religious sciences and philosophy, economics, Engineering sciences, Health sciences, medical sciences, design arts sciences and media. Glosains: Jurnal Sains Global Indonesia publishes comprehensive research articles and reviews by leading experts in the field. Selected articles that have high scientific achievements, provide important new knowledge, and are of high benefit for the public, and to contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex legal and social challenges facing contemporary societies. Glosains: Jurnal Sains Global Indonesia was first published in 2020 and is regularly published twice per year. Glosains: Jurnal Sains Global Indonesia accepts submissions throughout the year. Submissions are reviewed upon receipt. Published Manuscripts are written in standard English. This journal welcomes submissions all year round. Submissions are reviewed upon receipt. The manuscript template can be downloaded Here.
<a style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #018975; text-decoration: none !important; transition: all 0.5s ease-in-out 0s; font-family: Montserrat, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license"> <br style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Montserrat, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #f8f9fa; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Montserrat, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #f8f9fa; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">This work is licensed under a <a style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #018975; text-decoration: none !important; transition: all 0.5s ease-in-out 0s; font-family: Montserrat, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC-BY-SA). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
Bridging Service Quality Gaps in Hospital Nutrition Service: An Integrated SERVQUAL and Kano Model Analysis
Background: Hospital nutrition services support patient recovery and healthcare quality; however, unmet service attributes still cause dissatisfaction. Although service quality has been widely studied, the integration of SERVQUAL and the Kano Model for evaluating hospital nutrition services remains limited. Objective: This study aimed to assess patient satisfaction with hospital nutrition services in West Java by applying an integrated SERVQUAL and Kano Model approach to identify service quality gaps and prioritize areas for improvement. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study with a descriptive-analytical design was conducted involving 99 hospitalized patients receiving nutrition services at a hospital in West Java. Participants were selected using purposive sampling and had received nutrition services for at least two days. Data were collected using SERVQUAL and Kano Model questionnaires. SERVQUAL analysis measured the gap between patients' perceptions and expectations across five service quality dimensions, while the Kano Model classified service attributes according to their influence on patient satisfaction. Results: All SERVQUAL dimensions showed negative gap scores, indicating that patients' expectations exceeded their perceptions of the nutrition service. The largest gaps were observed in the assurance (Gap = −0.90), responsiveness (Gap = −0.88), and empathy (Gap = −0.87) dimensions, suggesting that these areas should be prioritized for service quality improvement. Kano analysis revealed that most service attributes were classified as attractive and one-dimensional, indicating that improvements in menu quality, food presentation, staff friendliness, and service responsiveness have the greatest potential to enhance patient satisfaction. Conclusion: The integration of SERVQUAL and the Kano Model effectively identifies priority areas for enhancing hospital nutrition services, particularly in the reliability and responsiveness dimensions. This integrated approach provides a systematic framework for improving service quality based on patient expectations and satisfaction determinants.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hera Laxmi Devi Septiani, Shofia Salsabila, Henry M.P. Siahaan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Curbing Year-End Spending Spikes: Impact Analysis of the Pre-Financing Policy in Non-Tax Revenue-Funded Work Unit
Background: Year-end spending spikes (YESS) remain a persistent fiscal governance challenge. Under previous regulations, PNBP-funded work units faced liquidity constraints that delayed budget execution. PMK 110/PMK.05/2021 addressed this issue by introducing a pre-financing mechanism that enabled earlier budget implementation. Objective: This study evaluated the causal impact of the pre-financing policy under PMK 110/PMK.05/2021 on accelerating public budget execution and mitigating year-end spending spikes. Methods: Using an unbalanced panel of 15,195 observations from 3,660 Non-Tax State Revenue spending units, this study employed a Window-Exclusion Difference-in-Differences (DiD) design with two-way fixed effects as the causal identification strategy. The analysis compared the 2019 baseline with the 2022–2025 post-implementation period while excluding the pandemic years of 2020–2021. Results: The empirical results revealed that liquidity relaxation significantly increased the Front-Loading Spending Index, with benefits observed exclusively among centralized-scheme units, small-budget entities, and essential services. A quarterly decomposition analysis confirmed a symmetrical structural transformation, in which the policy substantially reduced Quarter IV spending accumulation by 7.37 percentage points and redistributed the same proportion to earlier quarters. Conversely, administrative rigidities, particularly early-year budget blocking and frequent revisions, structurally decelerated budget absorption. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the pre-financing scheme should be considered for extension to non-centralized units, particularly medium-budget entities. They also highlight the need to accelerate early-year budget unblocking and improve planning quality to minimize budget fluctuations caused by frequent revisions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Priyo Arief Wicaksono, Fadillah Putra , I Gede Eko Putra Sri Sentanu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Service Quality, Customer Experience and E-WOM on Customer Loyalty with Customer Satisfaction as the Mediating Factor in Online Travel Agent
Background: The burgeoning online travel agency (OTA) market in Indonesia has made building customer loyalty a top priority amid intensifying market competition. Existing literature typically examines service quality, customer experience, and electronic word of mouth (E-WOM) as independent factors, despite their recognized influence on consumer behavior. Objective: This study addresses this gap by testing an integrated model in which service quality, customer experience, and E-WOM influence customer loyalty through the mediating role of customer satisfaction. Methods: Using purposive sampling within a cross-sectional research design, this study collected responses from 409 OTA users aged 18–45 in Bali, Bandung, and Greater Jakarta. The data were analyzed using SmartPLS 4 and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate the proposed research model. Results: The findings indicate that service quality (β = 0.353, p < 0.001), customer experience (β = 0.244, p < 0.001), and E-WOM (β = 0.140, p = 0.006) significantly predict customer loyalty, with service quality emerging as the strongest predictor. Reciprocal relationships were identified between service quality and customer experience (β = 0.738) and between customer experience and E-WOM (β = 0.712). Customer satisfaction partially mediates the relationships between the predictor variables and customer loyalty. The model explains 57.1% of the variance in customer loyalty (R² = 0.571), while Q² values greater than zero for all endogenous constructs demonstrate the model’s predictive relevance. Conclusion: This study clarifies the integrated process through which customer loyalty develops in the online travel agency industry. It also provides actionable insights for practitioners seeking to strengthen customer retention by maintaining high service standards, creating meaningful customer experiences, and promoting active digital engagement. Theoretically, the study contributes an integrated cross-sectional PLS-SEM model that combines reciprocal path relationships with mediation analysis. Practically, OTA managers should prioritize service reliability and responsiveness as key drivers of customer loyalty. Nevertheless, the cross-sectional design represents an important limitation because it does not permit definitive causal inferences.
Copyright (c) 2026 A.A. Ayu Widiantari, Elvira Diva Shafa Ismananti, Ni Made Dwita Oktaviani, Ario S. Setiadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Discrete Event Simulation for Material Handling Optimization in Water Tank Production
Background: The plastics manufacturing industry, particularly in water tank production, faces significant inefficiencies in material handling. Manual unpacking is the primary bottleneck, operating at 99% utilization (a level that severely restricts overall production flow) resulting in low output of only 378 units per shift. This critical constraint highlights the urgent need for process optimization to improve throughput and operational efficiency. Objective: This study aims to evaluate and compare two material handling system scenarios using Discrete Event Simulation (DES) based on Arena software, namely a semi-automated system with an automatic unpacking machine and a fully automated system with an unpacking robot, using a manual system as the base model for comparison. Methods: Primary data were obtained through direct observation and time studies at a medium-scale plastic manufacturing plant in Indonesia. Results: Simulation results show that the automatic unpacking machine scenario provides the most balanced improvement, with a 58% decrease in system waiting time, a 65% reduction in work-in-process (WIP), and a 44% increase in throughput compared to existing conditions. Meanwhile, the unpacking robot reduced waiting time by 97% in the unpacking process but created a new bottleneck in the downstream process. Conclusion: This study confirms that partial automation through unpacking machines is the optimal solution for medium-scale plastic manufacturing companies to improve operational efficiency while maintaining a balanced level of resource utilization.
Copyright (c) 2026 Olivia Stevanie, Febrina Keumala Talcha, Ikhsan Badruz Zaman, Danu Hendarman Laduni, Ahmad Faris Putra Perdana, Imelda Vinny Aprillisa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship of Age of Toddlers, Immunization, BBLR, Housing Density and Use of Mosquito Repellent Drugs with the Incidence of ISPA
Background: ISPA is the main cause of high morbidity and mortality rates in early childhood. This disease is caused by many factors, such as characteristics of toddlers and their environment. Objective: This research aims to analyze the relationship between age, immunization, low birth weight (LBW), housing density, and the use of mosquito coils with the incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in toddlers. Methods: This is a quantitative analytical study with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 162 individuals. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire. Data analysis techniques included the chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: Results showed that 56.2% of toddlers were aged < 3 years; 3.7% had LBW; 33.3% had incomplete immunization; 27.8% lived in crowded housing; 27.8% were exposed to mosquito coils; and ARI incidence was 23.5%. Variables significantly associated with ARI were LBW (p-value: 0.040; OR: 7.176), immunization (p-value: 0.022; OR: 2.543), crowded housing (p-value: 0.004; OR: 3.233), and mosquito coil use (p-value: 0.041; OR: 2.382), while age was not significant (p-value: 0.238). Conclusion: The most dominant variable associated with ARI incidence was immunization (OR: 3.046; CI: 1.360–6.821). Health centers are advised to strengthen ARI prevention programs through increased immunization coverage and continuous monitoring of basic immunization completion. This study provides local epidemiological evidence on combined biological and environmental ARI risk factors at the primary healthcare level, offering a basis for targeted intervention strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dina Dwi Nuryani, Dessy Hermawan, Fitri Eka Sari, Ani Oktasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role of E-Budgeting in Mediating the Effect of Regional Budget Allocation on Poverty Reduction: Evidence from Tanjung Jabung Barat
Background: Despite increasing APBD allocations in Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency, poverty reduction remains limited, suggesting that budget size alone is insufficient without effective governance tools. E-budgeting is proposed to enhance transparency, accountability, and effectiveness, although empirical evidence at the district level remains limited. Objective: This study analyzes the effect of APBD on poverty reduction, examines the mediating role of e-budgeting, and evaluates the APBD management strategy through SWOT analysis. Methods: A quantitative approach using PLS-SEM was employed with 25 purposively sampled OPDs involved in APBDplanning and poverty reduction programs. Data were collected through structured questionnaires using a 5-point Likert scale, while SWOT analysis was used to assess internal and external strategic factors. Results: APBD has no direct effect on poverty reduction, as indicated by the path coefficient of -0.036 and p-value of 0.776. However, its effect becomes significant when mediated by e-budgeting (APBD → e-budgeting = 0.667, p = 0.000; e-budgeting → poverty reduction = 0.673, p = 0.000), demonstrating the mediator’s role in improving transparency and effectiveness. The SWOT analysis shows that the APBD management strategy is favorable, as it leverages internal strengths and external opportunities. Conclusion: E-budgeting is essential for translating APBD allocations into effective poverty reduction. Strengthening digital governance and integrating e-budgeting with poverty monitoring systems are recommended.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sawaluddin Fitri Tanjung, Syamsurijal Tan, Achmad Hizazi, Zamzami https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Maritime Economic Geopolitics and Risk Transmission: A Systematic Literature Review of the Impact of U.S.-Iran Tensions on International Trade Flows in Indonesian Waters
Background: Geopolitical tensions in the Persian Gulf, particularly between Iran and the United States, constitute a systemic risk factor for global maritime trade. However, their cascading implications for sea lanes of communication (SLOCs) in Southeast Asia, especially Indonesian waters, remain insufficiently examined in the international academic literature. Objective: This study aims to examine how Iran–United States tensions in the Persian Gulf function as a systemic disruptive variable within the global maritime security architecture and how their implications for SLOCs in Indonesian waters remain analytically underrepresented. Methods: This study conducted a PRISMA-compliant systematic literature review of 30 peer-reviewed articles published between 2002 and 2025, selected from the Scopus database using predefined inclusion criteria related to maritime security, energy geopolitics, and strategic chokepoints in the Persian Gulf and Southeast Asia. The review was supplemented by VOSviewer keyword co-occurrence bibliometric analysis to map thematic clusters and identify structural gaps in the literature. Results: The findings identified three principal risk transmission mechanisms: energy supply volatility through the Strait of Hormuz, tanker rerouting dynamics through Indonesian straits, and intensifying great-power naval rivalry in the region. Keyword co-occurrence analysis quantitatively confirmed the absence of strong conceptual linkages between the Persian Gulf geopolitics cluster and the Indonesian maritime security cluster in the global literature. Conclusion: This study affirms the urgency of reorienting international maritime security discourse to position Indonesia as an active geostrategic actor rather than a passive recipient of regional conflict dynamics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anwar T, Muhammad Sahid, Amrin, Muhammad Ilham https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Sarcopenia Associated with Cognitive Frailty in Adults Diagnosed with Diabetes: Evidence from Primary Healthcare Centers
Background: Recent clinical investigations have drawn attention to cognitive frailty as a composite syndrome that occurs with increasing frequency in populations affected by chronic metabolic disorders, most notably type 2 diabetes mellitus. Despite this recognition, empirical data characterizing its prevalence and predisposing determinants among younger, community-dwelling adults with diabetes remain insufficient. Objective: The aim of this investigation was to determine whether sarcopenia independently contributes to the occurrence of cognitive frailty in adults with diabetes managed within the primary care system. Methods: Adopting a cross-sectional design, the study recruited 281 adults living with diabetes from two community-based health facilities. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) served as the primary cognitive assessment tool, and the SARC-F questionnaire—a validated self-report screening instrument rather than a direct physiological measure of muscle mass or handgrip strength—was used to assess sarcopenia risk. Chi-square analysis tested bivariate associations, and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) were computed using modified Poisson regression with robust variance, an approach suited for cross-sectional data in which outcomes are not rare. Results: The overall prevalence of cognitive frailty in the study cohort was 3.2%. In multivariate models, sarcopenia was associated with a significantly higher likelihood of cognitive frailty (adjusted PR = 6.84; 95% CI: 1.55–30.19). Conclusion: Sarcopenia is a clinically meaningful, independent risk factor for cognitive frailty in community-dwelling adults with diabetes. Integrating parallel assessments of sarcopenia and cognitive function into routine primary care diabetes management may improve early detection and help reduce downstream adverse health outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Laurentius Johan Ardian, Fitria Kusuma Wardhani, Bisarda Kanira, Aura Cinta Jihada, Tia Maya Affrita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Integrated Marketing Communication in the Social Media Era: Performativity, Identity, and User-Generated Content in Indonesia's Digital Consumer Culture
Background: Indonesian brands increasingly rely on story-driven Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC), yet the role of User-Generated Content (UGC) in shaping consumer identity on social media remains underexplored. Objective: This study examines the intersection of Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) practices and consumer identity construction on social media, focusing on User-Generated Content (UGC), such as unboxing videos, haul videos, and brand challenges, within Indonesia’s digital culture. Methods: This study used an integrative literature review of studies published from 2005 to 2026, analyzed through Judith Butler’s performativity framework and Consumer Culture Theory (CCT). Of the 187 records initially identified, 38 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Results: This study identifies three main findings. First, engineered authenticity has become the dominant IMC strategy, in which marketing effectiveness depends on brands acting as story catalysts rather than narrative centers. Second, UGC practices represent active identity performativity; Indonesian consumers perform their identities by citing social norms related to class, gender, and success, with local characteristics such as identity dualism among nonconventional groups and the negotiation of women’s independence with religious values. Third, consumer content is ambivalent, as it reproduces consumerist ideologies while opening limited spaces for resistance, including parody, criticism, and alternative gender expression, although such resistance tends to be recuperated by platform logic. Conclusion: This study contributes to the integration of IMC as a discursive practice and offers implications for practitioners, particularly regarding transparency in engineered authenticity, and for regulators, especially in developing guidelines for sponsored content labeling.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hilarius Bambang Winarko, Endah Fantini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Children’s Legal Protection in Landfill-Affected Communities: State Responsibility Analysis in Makassar City
Background: Landfill-affected communities face compounded socio-economic challenges that extend beyond technical environmental management and disproportionately affect children and other vulnerable groups living in surrounding areas. Objective: This study examines the normative framework for the legal protection of children and vulnerable groups surrounding the Tamangapa Landfill in Makassar City and critically evaluates the responsibilities of the state and local government in mitigating the associated socio-economic impacts. Methods: This study employs a normative-empirical method with legislative and conceptual approaches, supported by empirical data on landfill management conditions and the social life of surrounding communities. Results: The findings indicate that the management of the Tamangapa Landfill, which is still dominated by an open dumping system, combined with high waste volumes and the community’s economic dependence on informal waste-related activities, has created structural vulnerabilities for children and vulnerable groups. These include increased health risks, the normalization of child labor, and limited access to basic services. Normatively, this condition reflects the suboptimal fulfillment of state and local government obligations as duty bearers in ensuring children’s rights and the protection of vulnerable groups, as mandated in the 1945 Constitution, the Child Protection Law, and applicable waste management legislation. Conclusion: This study underscores that sustainable landfill governance must be integrated with obligations to protect children and vulnerable groups, necessitating policy reforms that embed human rights standards within waste management frameworks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ririn Nurfaathirany Heri, Maya Kasmita, Muhammad Aswan, Andi Mutya, Siti Fatimah Nur Syachriani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Evaluation of the Net Benefits of Using a Logistics Transportation Monitoring Application for PT. XYZ
Background: PT. XYZ is a telecommunications company that provides telecommunications network support and maintenance services. The company experienced disruptions in its logistics processes, resulting in losses equivalent to 60% of its total logistics costs. Because PT. XYZ had difficulty monitoring material deliveries, an information system in the form of a logistics transportation monitoring application was developed. However, the application has been operational for only six months. Infor mation systems (IS) have become an increasingly important field of study in business organizations because of the need to better understand the value generated by information and information technology. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the success and net benefits of PT. XYZ’s Logistics Transportation Monitoring Application. Methods: This study employed a quantitative approach by surveying 133 application users. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS to identify the factors influencing application use, user satisfaction, and net benefits. The DeLone and McLean Information Systems Success Model was used as the theoretical framework. Results: The hypothesis-testing results show that information quality and system quality have positive effects on user satisfaction. System quality and service quality positively affect application use, while user satisfaction and application use positively affect the net benefits of the Logistics Transportation Monitoring Application. Conclusion: The evaluation based on the DeLone and McLean Information Systems Success Model and PLS-SEM analysis using SmartPLS, with data from 133 respondents, shows that seven of the nine proposed hypotheses are supported. User satisfaction and application use are the primary drivers of the net benefits generated by the Logistics Transportation Monitoring Application.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dimas Putri Pratiwi, Jarot S. Suroso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Historiography, Authoritarianism, and the Formation of Political Culture in Indonesia: Post-1965 Historiography and the Legacy of the New Order
Background: The 1965 political crisis marked a critical turning point in Indonesian history, shaping political culture and state–society relations. Although previous studies have examined political violence and regime consolidation, limited attention has been paid to how historiography normalized authoritarian values and political authority across generations. Objective: This study aims to analyze how historical narratives surrounding the 1965 crisis contributed to the formation and persistence of authoritarian political culture in Indonesia. Methods: This research employs a qualitative historical approach combined with historiographical analysis. Data were collected from historical archives, state narratives produced during the New Order period, historiographical literature, and scholarly works discussing political culture and authoritarian legacies in Indonesia. The data were analyzed using thematic discourse analysis to identify recurring political concepts embedded within official narratives. Results: The findings indicate that post-1965 historiography functioned not merely as a form of historical interpretation but also as an instrument of political legitimization. Specifically, state-sanctioned educational materials, such as the mandatory school curriculum portraying the PKI as a national threat, and the compulsory screening of Pengkhianatan G30S/PKI, reinforced hierarchical political norms. Narratives emphasizing stability, national unity, and anti-communism contributed to the construction of hierarchical political relations and the limitation of political pluralism. Furthermore, these political ideas continued to influence public trust, political participation, and perceptions of authority even after the democratic transition that followed the fall of the New Order regime in 1998. Conclusion: This study shows that historiography shapes political culture beyond regime change by sustaining authoritarian legacies through collective historical memory.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yusron Ihza, Linda Sunarti, Didik Pradjoko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Optimization of VCO, TWEEN 80, and PEG 400 Nanoemulsion Formulation of Gemitir Flower Extract (Tagetes Erecta L.) with Simplex Lattice Design
Background: Tagetes erecta L. (Gemitir flower) is known to have potential antibacterial activity; however, its use in topical preparations is limited by low solubility and stability. Objective: This study aims to optimize the nanoemulsion formulation of Gemitir flower extract using virgin coconut oil (VCO) as the oil phase, Tween 80 as the surfactant, and PEG 400 as the cosurfactant. Methods: Phytochemical screening, antibacterial activity testing against Staphylococcus aureus, total flavonoid determination, and nanoemulsion formulation optimization were conducted using the Simplex Lattice Design method with Design Expert® software version 13 to evaluate the effects of VCO, Tween 80, and PEG 400 combinations on the physical characteristics of the nanoemulsion. Results: The optimal formulation was obtained with a composition of VCO 0.53 g, Tween 80 8 g, and PEG 400 4 g, with a desirability value of 0.990. The resulting nanoemulsion showed a transmittance value of 97.56%, entrapment efficiency of 1.46%, pH of 5.26, and no phase separation during storage (score = 1). The homogeneity test confirmed a uniform preparation, and the emulsion type test indicated an oil-in-water (O/W) system. Conclusion: The nanoemulsion formulation of Gemitir flower extract using VCO, Tween 80, and PEG 400 optimized through Simplex Lattice Design produced a system with appropriate physical characteristics for topical antibacterial application. However, further studies on particle size, zeta potential, and long-term stability are recommended.
Copyright (c) 2026 Putu Ayu Ratih Listiani, Putu Ika Indah Indraswari, Made Dwike Swari Santhi, Gusti Ayu Oviani, Sri Suwarni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Human–AI Co-Creation in Traditional Craft: Generative Artificial Intelligence for Batik Design Innovation in Indonesian Creative Communities
Background: The declining generational renewal of batik designers poses challenges to sustaining innovation in Indonesia’s traditional craft industry. Objective: This study investigates how generative artificial intelligence can support human–AI co-creation in batikdesign innovation. Methods: Using a mixed-methods case study of a Batik AI training program organized by the Indonesian Batik Artisans and Entrepreneurs Association, this research examines the integration of AI-assisted design exploration within batikcreative communities. Data were collected through observations, documentation of AI-generated designs, and a perception survey involving 300 respondents from the batik ecosystem. Results: The results indicate that generative AI substantially expands the exploration of motif variations, enabling participants to generate 300 batik design simulations—200 in Cirebon and 100 in Bandung—featuring traditional motifs, including parang, kawung, and megamendung. Descriptive statistical analysis involving 300 respondents revealed positive perceptions across all dimensions. Motif composition received the highest score (mean = 4.24, SD = 0.68), followed by color sharpness (mean = 4.21), motif authenticity (mean = 4.18), color brightness (mean = 4.15), originality of motif ideas (mean = 4.11), and the quality of supplementary motifs (mean = 4.07). The philosophical meaning of the motifs received the lowest score (mean = 3.96), indicating the limitations of AI in encoding cultural symbolism. The instrument demonstrated satisfactory reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.87). Conclusion: The findings suggest that generative AI functions as a collaborative tool that enhances the capacity for creative design exploration. However, respondents’ perceptions of the philosophical meaning of the motifs (mean = 3.96) indicate that human cultural curation remains indispensable for preserving the profound symbolic authenticity of traditional batik designs. These findings reflect respondents’ perceptions within the specific training contexts of Cirebon and Bandung.
Copyright (c) 2026 Komarudin Kudiya, Bambang Sumintono, Saftiyaningsih Ken Atik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of the Phytochemical Composition of Papaya Root (Carica papaya L.) and Its Potential as an Anticarcinogenic Agent: A Preliminary Study
Background: Cancer remains a major global health problem with high morbidity and mortality. Conventional treatments often cause serious side effects and require high costs, encouraging the exploration of natural products as alternative anticarcinogenic agents. Carica papaya L. contains various secondary metabolites, but studies on its root are still limited. Objective: This study aimed to conduct phytochemical screening and simplicia characterization of papaya root (Carica papaya L.) and preliminarily assess its potential as an anticarcinogenic agent. Methods: This descriptive laboratory study used an exploratory approach. Papaya roots were processed into simpliciathrough drying, grinding, and sieving, followed by ethanol maceration. Simplicia characterization included moisture content, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, and water- and ethanol-soluble extractive values. Phytochemical screening was conducted using specific reagents to identify secondary metabolites. Results: The results showed that papaya root contained glycosides, saponins, and triterpenoids/steroids, while alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins were not detected. The highest characterization value was water-soluble extractives at 19.38%, while acid-insoluble ash was the lowest at 5.07%, indicating relatively good simplicia quality. Conclusion: Papaya root contains secondary metabolites with potential anticarcinogenic relevance. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to confirm its pharmacological activity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shabila Rizka Azzahra, Elman Boy, Yulia Afrina Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Association Between Ultrasonographic Femoral Cartilage Thickness and Kellgren–Lawrence Grade in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease and a major cause of disability among older adults. Although radiography remains the standard diagnostic imaging modality, its inability to directly visualize articular cartilage limits its usefulness in evaluating structural damage. Ultrasonography (US) provides a noninvasive method for measuring cartilage thickness. Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association between ultrasonographically measured femoral cartilage thickness and radiographic severity based on the Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grading system. Methods: Primary data were collected from 104 patients, comprising 160 knees, who were recruited through consecutive sampling at PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Hospital between December 2025 and January 2026. Results: The Jonckheere–Terpstra trend test confirmed a significant decreasing ordinal trend in femoral cartilage thickness across increasing KL grades (Z = −2.362, p = 0.018). However, the Kruskal–Wallis omnibus test showed no statistically significant difference among the KL-grade groups (H = 7.280, df = 3, p = 0.063). Conclusion: A weak but statistically significant negative correlation (rₛ = −0.185) was observed between ultrasonographic femoral cartilage thickness and KL grade, accompanied by a significant decreasing ordinal trend. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously because of the weak effect size, cross-sectional design, and inclusion of bilateral knee observations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Elvina Prisila, Novi Wijayanti Sukirto, Rheycado Arrafi Pratama, Salsabila Chairunnisa Ramadhani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Predictors of Foot Care Behavior among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, which may lead to various complications, including diabetic foot ulcers. Inadequate foot care practices among patients with DM remain a significant concern and may increase the risk of foot injuries and infections. Objective: This study aimed to identify factors associated with foot care behavior among patients with DM at the Bakauheni Health Center, South Lampung. Methods: This study employed a quantitative, descriptive observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 91 respondents selected through a purposive sampling technique. Data collection was conducted at the Bakauheni Health Center. The research instrument used was the HDFSS & NAFF questionnaire to measure family support and foot care behavior. Results: The results showed that the majority of respondents were female (60.4%), in the late elderly group (41.8%), and had a basic level of education (84.6%). Most respondents reported high family support (51.6%) and demonstrated good foot care behavior (79.1%). Bivariate analysis using Kendall’s Tau-b test revealed a significant correlation between duration of illness and family support with foot care behavior in DM patients (p < 0.05). Furthermore, ordinal logistic regression analysis indicated that family support was the most influential factor affecting foot care behavior (p = 0.037; OR = 4.039). Conclusion: In conclusion, family support plays a crucial role in improving foot care behavior among patients with DM. It is recommended that healthcare teams, particularly community nurses, involve family members to enhance adherence to foot care practices and prevent diabetic foot complications.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Prabawati, Shelsy Aritonang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Identification of the Life Cycle Rate of Flies in the Carcass of Rattus Norvegicus that is Exposed and Not Exposed to Sunlight in Determining the Post Mortem Interval
Background: The discovery of corpses represents the most common criminal case category in Indonesia, accounting for 35.46% or approximately 3,698 cases from early 2024 to September 20, 2024. Determining the post mortem interval (PMI) is therefore essential in forensic investigations. One method used to estimate PMI is forensic entomology through the analysis of insect life cycles developing on corpses, particularly flies. Environmental factors, such as sunlight exposure, may influence the development rate of flies and affect the accuracy of PMI estimation. Objective: This study aimed to identify differences in the development rate of the fly life cycle on Rattus norvegicus carcasses exposed and not exposed to sunlight. Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental method using a posttest-only non-equivalent control group design. Observations were conducted twice daily to record and collect specimens from each developmental stage of flies, including eggs, larvae, pupae, and adult flies, on carcasses exposed and not exposed to sunlight. Results: The findings demonstrated significant differences in the development rates of second instar larvae, third instar larvae, pupae, and adult flies between carcasses exposed to sunlight and those not exposed, with p-values < 0.05. Conclusion: Sunlight exposure significantly affects the development rate of the fly life cycle on Rattus norvegicus carcasses. These findings indicate that environmental exposure should be considered in forensic entomology analysis to improve the accuracy of PMI estimation.
Michelle Debora Nathasya Hartanti Aritonang
Copyright (c) 2026 Suryo Wijoyo, Michelle Debora Nathasya Hartanti Aritonang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Mandau Symbolism: Spirituality, Aesthetics, and Social Ethics in Contemporary Dayak Culture
Background: Dayak culture preserves the Mandau as a symbol of spirituality, identity, and morality. However, modernization has transformed its sacred role into a cultural commodity, highlighting the need to reexamine its philosophical and spiritual significance. Objective: This research aims to uncover the symbolic meaning of Mandau in the context of cultural identity, ornamental systems, and its social and ethical functions in contemporary Dayak society. Methods: This study employs an interpretive qualitative approach based on cultural semiotic analysis of literary sources, museum artifacts at the Balanga Museum (Palangka Raya), and secondary ethnographic data from published field studies. Data were analyzed using Barthes' cultural semiotics framework with source triangulation to ensure interpretive validity. Additionally, participatory observation, in-depth interviews with artisans and traditional leaders in Kapuas and Palangka Raya, and artifact analysis at the Balanga Museum were conducted to enrich the ethnographic data. Results: The findings indicate that Mandau functions as a moral and spiritual medium connecting humans, nature, and ancestors; its material structure and ornamental motifs embody the principle of cosmic balance (duality); and its social functions affirm Mandau’s role as a medium for ecological ethics and cultural resilience. Despite functional transformations under globalization, the symbolic meaning of Mandau persists in contemporary Dayak society. Conclusion: Preserving the Mandau requires safeguarding both its physical form and cultural meaning. Collaborative efforts among academics, indigenous communities, and cultural institutions, supported by digital education and documentation, are essential to sustain its ethical and spiritual values across generations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aquarini, Junaidi, Lisnawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Gender Leadership in Accelerating Stunting Reduction: Women’s Participatory Governance in Serang Regency, Banten Province
Background: Stunting remains a critical public health challenge in Indonesia, particularly in regions with pronounced gender inequalities in household decision-making. Serang Regency recorded one of the highest stunting prevalence rates nationally, at 39.43% in 2019, making it a priority area for accelerated intervention. Objective: This study examines gender leadership in handling stunting in Serang Regency, Banten Province, and constructs an evidence-based model for gender-responsive stunting management. Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 15 key informants selected via purposive sampling, six months of field observations, and document analysis of regulatory instruments, including Regent Regulation No. 40/2021 and nutrition monitoring data from SSGI and e-PPGBM. Data validity was ensured through source triangulation, method triangulation, and member checking. Results: The findings indicate that gender leadership is a determining factor in stunting prevention. Female leadership strengthens multi-stakeholder coordination through participatory and empathetic approaches, improves family health literacy, and addresses structural gender blindness in policymaking. Barriers include limited women’s representation in decision-making, gender-biased household norms, and constrained frontline resources. Conclusion: The gender leadership model rests on four pillars: women’s strategic leadership, community-based women’s leadership, gender-responsive policies, and community education for shared family roles—each reinforced by psychological dimensions. These findings provide practical guidance for local governments in designing sustainable stunting reduction strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ida Rosida, Mansyur Achmad, Megandaru W. Kawuryan, Andi Masrich https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Inclusive Education Management for Children with Special Needs at Budi Mulia Dua Elementary School, Sleman Regency
Background: Inclusive education in Indonesia requires schools to accommodate children with special needs (ABK), yet implementation remains inconsistent, particularly in planning, service delivery, monitoring, and evaluation. Objective: This study aims to analyze the management of inclusive education for children with special needs [ABK]) at Budi Mulia Dua Elementary School, Sleman Regency, including planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. Methods: This research used a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving the principal, the head of special assistant teachers, special assistant teachers, a child psychologist, and the parents of ABK students. Results: The results show that inclusive education planning is carried out through initial assessments and the involvement of various parties to identify students’ needs. The implementation of inclusive education takes place in regular classrooms with mentoring support tailored to the level of children’s needs, the provision of dedicated spaces, and practical activities to improve students’ skills. Monitoring is conducted periodically through classroom observation, communication with parents, and collaboration with Jogja Medical Center. Evaluation is conducted to assess the effectiveness of services and to review possible changes in initial assessments based on children’s development during the learning process. Conclusion: This study concludes that the success of inclusive education is determined by systematic, collaborative, and sustainable service management. The findings offer practical implications for school administrators seeking to replicate adaptive inclusive management models, particularly through flexible mentoring arrangements, the provision of dedicated resource spaces, and multi-stakeholder collaboration in planning and evaluation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Evi Fitriyani, Rosalina Br. Ginting, Qristin Violinda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Utilization of Software for Employee Working Time Efficiency and Accuracy of Coal Reserve Calculation
Background: Digital transformation in the mining sector has increasingly encouraged the adoption of specialized software to improve operational performance, particularly workforce time efficiency and the precision of technical calculations. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of mining software utilization on employee working time efficiency and the accuracy of coal reserve calculations, addressing a research gap in systematically examining these relationships within open-pit mining operations. Methods: This study employed an integrated quantitative–qualitative approach using a comparative method between manual work processes and software-based processes. The analysis used geological data, topographic data, and mining technical parameters from open-pit mining operations. Data processing was conducted using MineScape to simulate mine planning and reserve estimation, and the results were compared with those obtained through previously used conventional methods. Results: The results indicated that software utilization significantly reduced job completion time and improved the consistency and accuracy of reserve calculation results. In addition, more systematic data integration through software helped minimize potential calculation errors and accelerate the decision-making process. Conclusion: This study concluded that the utilization of mining software had a positive impact on improving work efficiency and the accuracy of coal reserve calculations. Therefore, the implementation of software-based technology is considered a relevant strategy for supporting performance optimization and competitiveness in the mining industry in the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Denny Boy Sitanggang, I Dewa Ketut Kerta Widana, Dewi Puspaningtyas Faeni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
HIRARC-Based Occupational Health and Safety Risk Assessment of Sludge Oil Utilization as an Alternative Fuel in the Cement Industry
Background: Using sludge oil as an alternative fuel promotes circular economy practices by reducing waste and fossil fuel use, while requiring systematic evaluation and control of occupational health and safety (OHS) risks. Objective: This study aims to evaluate OHS risks associated with sludge oil utilization as an alternative fuel in the cement industry using the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC) framework. Methods: This quantitative study was conducted at PT Solusi Bangun Indonesia Tbk, Cilacap Plant, in February 2026. Data were collected through field observations, structured questionnaires, and company documents from 20 purposively selected respondents involved in sludge oil management. Risk levels were assessed using the HIRARC methodology. Results: A total of 28 potential hazards were identified across five operational stages: waste reception, temporary storage, pre-treatment, kiln utilization, and waste handling and emissions control. The identified hazards were predominantly chemical and physical in nature. Risk assessment results indicated that 21 risks were classified as very high, 4 as high, and 3 as medium. The most critical risks included transportation accidents, fires in buffer vessels, equipment-related injuries, explosions, and fires in the kiln area. These elevated risk levels were driven by the interaction between the flammable properties of sludge oil, suboptimal equipment conditions, workplace environmental factors, and limitations in existing control measures. Current risk controls were largely administrative and reliant on personal protective equipment (PPE), with limited implementation of engineering controls and hazard elimination strategies. Conclusion: Strengthening engineering and systemic controls is essential to ensure safe, effective, and sustainable sludge oil utilization in the cement industry.
Copyright (c) 2026 Intan Suci Wulandari, Dwi Nowo Martono, Haruki Agustina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effects of Leadership and Organizational Structure Change on Employee Performance: Evidence from BRIDA Kutai Kartanegara
Background: Notwithstanding the substantial volume of scholarly work addressing leadership and organizational change separately, empirical studies examining their concurrent influence on employee performance in Indonesian regional public agencies remain remarkably scarce, underscoring a critical knowledge gap that motivates the present inquiry. Objective: This study investigates how leadership and organizational structure change affect employee performance at BRIDA Kutai Kartanegara Regency, determines which variable exerts the stronger influence, and measures the extent of their collective explanatory power. Methods: The study adopted a quantitative explanatory design, gathering primary data through structured questionnaires administered to 75 BRIDA employees selected through simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression, t tests, F tests, and the coefficient of determination (R²) through IBM SPSS Statistics version 24. Results: Organizational structure change demonstrated a significant and positive relationship with employee performance (β = 0.370, p < 0.001), whereas leadership did not produce a statistically significant partial effect (p = 0.675). When assessed jointly, both variables significantly predicted performance (F = 30.516, p < 0.001), accounting for 45.9% of the variance (R² = 0.459), with organizational structure change identified as the principal predictor. Conclusion: This study contributes to the public sector human resource management literature by confirming organizational structure change as a more proximate driver of performance than leadership in regional government agencies undergoing bureaucratic reform, with implications for BRIDA’s institutional policy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wandaniati, Wahyuni, Joko Sabtohadi, Ray Septianis Kartika https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Creating Value through Entrepreneurship in Wellness Gastro Tourism: The Role of Innovation and Experiential Wellness
Background: This research addresses the gap in creating value in wellness gastro tourism through innovation and wellness experiences rooted in Indonesia’s culinary heritage. Objective: This study aims to examine the role of entrepreneurship in creating value through innovation and experiential wellness in the context of wellness gastro tourism. Methods: The study employed a quantitative approach using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)—selected for its suitability in handling complex latent variable models with non-normal data—applied to 312 respondents identified through purposive sampling, representing tourists with direct experience in wellness-based gastronomic tourism in Indonesia. Results: The analysis results show that the R² value for experiential wellness is 0.514, indicating that innovation explains 51.4% of the variation in experiential wellness. Meanwhile, the R² value for value creation is 0.638, indicating that innovation and experiential wellness together explain 63.8% of the variation in value creation. The findings demonstrate that innovation has a positive and significant effect on experiential wellness and, both directly and indirectly, affects value creation. Experiential wellness is proven to act as a mediating variable that strengthens the relationship between innovation and value creation. These findings confirm that value creation in wellness gastro tourism is not only determined by product innovation but also by the quality of holistic experiences perceived by tourists, including physical, emotional, and spiritual dimensions. Conclusion: This study contributes an integrative empirical model linking entrepreneurship, innovation, and experiential wellness, strengthening the role of local wisdom in sustainable tourism innovation. Business actors are recommended to adopt experience-driven and innovation-based strategies to enhance competitiveness in the wellness gastro tourism sector.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lastiani Warih Wulandari, Dewi Turgarini, Meitolo Hulu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Andragogy-Based Psychosocial Intervention and Funiculi Funicula Bibliotherapy to Strengthen the Meaning of Life Among Incarcerated Mothers at Class IIB Women's Prison Manado
Background: Incarcerated mothers in Indonesia face severe psychological challenges, including loss of maternal identity, depression, and disrupted mother–child relationships during imprisonment. With 13,976 female inmates nationally and significant mental health needs, targeted psychosocial interventions are critically needed; however, they remain underrepresented in correctional rehabilitation programs. Objective: The Strengthening Life Meaning of Parenting for Incarcerated Mothers Program at the Class IIB Women’s Correctional Facility in Manado aims to enhance the psychological well-being of incarcerated mothers through the application of andragogy principles and the Funiculi Funicula novel series as a stress-coping mechanism. Methods: Activities were carried out using a group-based psychosocial development approach, including counseling, diary writing, creativity training, outbound experiential activities, and art exhibitions. The Funiculi Funicula novel series served as a medium for reflection and motivation, helping participants accept their past experiences and build renewed hope. Results: This program was evaluated using the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), showing an increase in mean “meaning in life” scores from 15.2 (slightly dissatisfied category) to 28.1 (satisfied category). As a result, participants experienced significant improvements in mental well-being, self-confidence, strengthening of the maternal role, and readiness for social reintegration. Conclusion: This model is expected to become a relevant correctional intervention for incarcerated mothers and may be applicable to other women’s correctional facilities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Cynthia Maria Siwi, Ronald Jolly Pongantung, Dian Ratu Ayu Uswatun Khasanah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
How Leadership Commitment Shapes the Impact of Scope Management Programs on Team Accountability
Background: Organizations worldwide continue to experience scope-related project failures despite substantial investment in formal governance programs, indicating that structural mechanisms alone are insufficient to guarantee accountability outcomes. Objective: This study investigates the moderating role of leadership commitment in the relationship between scope management programs and team accountability within corporate settings. Drawing on agency theory, stakeholder theory, and the resource-based view, the research examines how executives' visible endorsement, resource allocation, and behavioral modeling amplify or attenuate the effectiveness of formal scope management initiatives. Methods: Using a quantitative survey design, data were collected from 320 project managers and team leaders across manufacturing, financial services, and technology sectors in Indonesia. Structural equation modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0 was employed to test the hypothesized relationships. Results: Findings reveal that leadership commitment significantly moderates the scope management–team accountability relationship (β = 0.412, p < 0.001), with high leadership commitment more than doubling the positive effect of scope management programs. The model explains 56.1% of the variance in team accountability (R² = 0.561). Conclusions: The study contributes to project management theory by integrating leadership as a boundary condition and offers practical guidance for organizations seeking to enhance accountability through governance reforms. Practically, the findings guide executives to pair scope-governance investments with structured leadership-development initiatives that strengthen accountability outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ikhsan Nendi, Amelia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship of Socioeconomic Decline with the Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a reproductive health problem closely associated with socioeconomic conditions. Economic downturns can hinder access to timely sexual health services, condoms, and treatment, potentially increasing vulnerability to STIs. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between perceived socioeconomic decline and self-reported STI diagnosis among sexually active adults. Methods: This study used an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects were sexually active adults who met the eligibility criteria. Data were collected using structured questionnaires assessing perceived economic decline, sexual history, and STI diagnosis status. The association between economic decline and STI occurrence was analyzed using the chi-square test, and the prevalence ratio (PR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported. Results: This study involved 92 subjects, with a mean age of 30.49 ± 6.00 years. The proportion of STIs in the group experiencing economic decline was 31.3%, whereas the proportion in the group without economic decline was 10.7%. Perceived economic decline was associated with STI prevalence (PR = 2.917; 95% CI: 0.943–9.023; p = 0.036), although the CI crossing 1.0 warrants cautious interpretation. Conclusion: Economic downturn was associated with the incidence of STIs. Further research is recommended using a prospective design with multivariate analysis and clinically confirmed STI diagnoses. These findings have implications for public health practice, particularly in designing STI prevention programs that integrate economic support components and address socioeconomic vulnerabilities. Health policymakers should consider incorporating STI screening and education into social protection programs targeting economically distressed populations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Puguh Riyanto, Devina Adiyani Pranowo, Dini Hisan Wijdani, Cindy, Cagar Irwin Taufan Pamungkas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Correlation Between Duration of Docetaxel Administration and Epiphora Severity in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients
Background: Docetaxel, an effective chemotherapeutic agent for various cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma, is associated with epiphora as a notable adverse effect. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the duration of docetaxel administration and the severity of epiphora, as assessed by the Munk score, in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken at the Ophthalmology Polyclinic of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang, from January to August 2024. The study sample comprised n=25 patients who met the research criteria. Epiphora severity was measured using the Munk score. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman’s rank correlation test. Results: The majority of patients were male (68.2%) and aged ≤50 years (77.3%). Most received an 80 mg docetaxel dose (91%) for six weeks (77.3%). Based on the Munk score, 86.4% of patients had a score of 1, and 13.6% had a score of 2. No significant associations were found between Munk score and gender (p=0.445), age (p=0.578), or docetaxel dose (p=1.000). However, the duration of docetaxel administration was significantly associated with Munk score (p=0.001) and showed a moderate positive correlation with epiphora severity (r=0.626; p=0.001). Conclusion: Patients with a Munk score of 2 received docetaxel for a longer duration. A longer duration of docetaxel administration is associated with a higher Munk score for epiphora in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.
Copyright (c) 2026 Riani Erna, Rafika Sidharta, Denny Satria Utama, Debby Handayati Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Indonesia's Diplomatic Maneuvers in the Current Geopolitical Situation
Background: Indonesia’s recent engagement with BRICS marked a strategic recalibration of its foreign policy amid intensifying great-power rivalries. Objective: This study aimed to examine how Indonesia employed a diplomatic hedging strategy to balance its relations with BRICS and the United States within an emerging multipolar world order. Methods: Using a qualitative research design that integrated document analysis and elite interviews, this paper analyzed Indonesia’s diplomatic discourse, policy statements, and trade relations during the 2022–2025 period. Results: The findings revealed that Indonesia’s multi-alignment behavior represented an adaptive evolution of its bebas aktif doctrine, emphasizing pragmatic engagement with competing powers while avoiding overdependence on any single bloc. This hedging behavior was manifested through selective economic cooperation, diversified partnerships, and cautious political signaling. Conclusion: This study contributed to the growing literature on middle-power diplomacy by offering empirical insights into Southeast Asia’s strategic autonomy under global systemic change. This paper argues that Indonesia’s multi-alignment policy strengthened regional stability while preserving strategic sovereignty within ASEAN’s centrality framework.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yumetri Abidin, Irma Indrayan, Iskandarsyah Siregar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ASN Perceptions and Organizational Framework Model of the Regional Research and Innovation Agency (BRIDA): A Study on Structuring and Formation Processes in Indonesia
Background: Despite the mandate of Presidential Regulation No. 78 of 2021, BRIDA establishment remains uneven across regions due to functional crises and limited innovation-support capacity, resulting in gradual implementation at provincial and local government levels. Objective: This study aims to assess civil servants’ (Aparatur Sipil Negara/ASN) perceptions of the urgency of BRIDAwithin research organizations and to develop a structured organizational framework for its formation. Methods: An exploratory sequential mixed-methods approach was used by distributing questionnaires through Google Forms to 67 ASN from various local governments. The findings show that 54 respondents (81%) acknowledged the urgency of BRIDA, 50 respondents (75%) supported its role in the innovation ecosystem, and 13 respondents (20%) had submitted proposals for BRIDA formation. Results: The formation process remains suboptimal due to incomplete regional participation, limited availability of academic manuscripts, and insufficient support from provincial governments. The recommendations include establishing data collection mechanisms for regions that have not yet implemented BRIDA, mapping functional needs, planning innovation programs, improving communication between central and regional governments, establishing discussion forums and laboratories, and conducting public outreach regarding BRIDA’s duties and functions. Conclusion: The majority of ASN support the establishment of BRIDA to strengthen the regional innovation ecosystem. Nevertheless, several barriers persist, including functional resource crises, insufficient academic manuscripts, and inadequate provincial guidance. The proposed organizational framework incorporates stages ranging from research and development restructuring, proposal preparation, innovation trials, and practical application to monitoring and evaluation mechanisms that ensure effective innovation implementation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wahyuni, Guntur Fernanto, Yusniah Anggraini, Ray Septianis Kartika https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0