ARI Risk Factors in Toddlers at Rajabasa Indah Health Center: The Role of Immunization, Low Birth Weight, Housing Density, and Mosquito Coil Smoke Exposure
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59784/glosains.v7i3.786Keywords:
Housing Density, Immunization, Low Birth Weight, Mosquito Coils, Respiratory Tract InfectionsAbstract
Background: ISPA is the main cause of high morbidity and mortality rates in early childhood. This disease is caused by many factors, such as characteristics of toddlers and their environment.
Objective: This research aims to analyze the relationship between age, immunization, low birth weight (LBW), housing density, and the use of mosquito coils with the incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in toddlers.
Methods: This is a quantitative analytical study with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 162 individuals. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire. Data analysis techniques included the chi-square test and logistic regression.
Results: Results showed that 56.2% of toddlers were aged < 3 years; 3.7% had LBW; 33.3% had incomplete immunization; 27.8% lived in crowded housing; 27.8% were exposed to mosquito coils; and ARI incidence was 23.5%. Variables significantly associated with ARI were LBW (p-value: 0.040; OR: 7.176), immunization (p-value: 0.022; OR: 2.543), crowded housing (p-value: 0.004; OR: 3.233), and mosquito coil use (p-value: 0.041; OR: 2.382), while age was not significant (p-value: 0.238).
Conclusion: The most dominant variable associated with ARI incidence was immunization (OR: 3.046; CI: 1.360–6.821). Health centers are advised to strengthen ARI prevention programs through increased immunization coverage and continuous monitoring of basic immunization completion. This study provides local epidemiological evidence on combined biological and environmental ARI risk factors at the primary healthcare level, offering a basis for targeted intervention strategies.
References
Afriani, B. (2020). Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian ispa pada balita. Cendekia Medika: Jurnal Stikes Al-Maarif Baturaja, 5(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.52235/cendekiamedika.v5i1.8 medika. v5i1.8
Amalia, I., Nuryani, D. D., & Aryastuti, N. (2021). Analisis Faktor Intrinsik Risiko Kejadian ISPA pada Balitadi Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Panjang Kota Bandar Lampung Tahun 2019. Indonesian Journal Of Health and Medical, 1(3), 365–385.
Anggraeni, E. A., Mansur, H., & Sondakh, J. J. S. (2021). Kelengkapan dan Ketepatan Pemberian Imunisasi Dasar Pentabio Dengan Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) Pada Batita: Indonesian. Malang Journal of Midwifery (MAJORY), 3(1), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.31290/majory.v3i1.2177
Fadillah, G., & Azizah, R. (2022). Analisis Faktor Risiko Perilaku dengan Kasus Malaria pada Masyarakat di Indonesia-Meta Analysis 2016-2021: Literature Review. Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI), 5(11), 1336–1345. https://doi.org/10.56338/mppki.v5i11.2733
Hadi, M., Kumalasari, M. L. F., & Kusumawati, E. (2019). Faktor Risiko yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Stunting di Indonesia: Studi Literatur. Journal of Health Science and Prevention, 3(2), 86–93. https://doi.org/10.29080/jhsp.v3i2.238.238
Haryani, S., & Misniarti, M. (2021). Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (Ispa) Di Provinsi Bengkulu: Factors Affecting The Incidence Of Above Respiratory Channel Infection (Ari) In Working Area Of Puskesmas Perumnas. Quality: Jurnal Kesehatan, 15(2), 95–104. https://doi.org/10.36082/qjk.v15i2.240.
Jayatmi, I., & Imaniyah, E. (2019). Determinan Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) pada Balita. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebidanan Indonesia, 9(01), 18–25. https://doi.org/10.33221/jiki.v9i01.212
Lestari, D. A., & Adisasmita Prof, A. (2021). Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) sebagai Determinan Terjadinya ISPA pada Balita Analisis Data SDKI Tahun 2017. Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia, 5(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.7454/epidkes.v5i1.4083 i1.4083
Liu, W., Zhang, J., Hashim, J. H., Jalaludin, J., Hashim, Z., & Goldstein, B. D. (2003). Mosquito coil emissions and health implications. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(12), 1454.
Lubis, I. P. L., & Ferusgel, A. (2019). Hubungan Kondisi Fisik Rumah dan Keberadaan Perokok dalam Rumah dengan Kejadian ISPA pada Balita di Desa Silo Bonto Kecamatan Silau Laut Kabupaten Asahan. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat: Media Komunikasi Komunitas Kesehatan Masyarakat, 11(2), 166–173. https://doi.org/10.52022/jikm.v11i2.5
Nyomba, M. (2022). Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) Pada Balita di Sekitar Wilayah Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) Sampah Antang Kota Makassar Tahun 2021= Factors Associated of The Incidence of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in Toddlers Around The Antang Waste Disposal Site Makassar City in 2021. Universitas Hasanuddin.
Pasaribu, A., & Nafratilova, M. (2025). Asuhan Keperawatan Anak dengan ISPA.
Putri, M. D. A., & Adriyani, R. (2018). Hubungan usia balita dan sanitasi fisik rumah dengan kejadian ISPA di Desa Tumapel Kabupaten Mojokerto tahun 2017. The Indonesian Journal of Public Health, 13(1), 98. https://doi.org/10.20473/ijph.v13i1.2018.95-106.
Rahmi, I. R., & Rasyid, K. (2024). Home Environmental factors with the Incidence of ISPA in Toddlers Indonesia: Literature Review. Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI), 7(12), 2877-2885.
Rosliana, L., Widowati, R., & Kurniati, D. (2020). Hubungan Pola Asuh, Penyakit Penyerta, Dan Pengetahuan Ibu Dengan Status Gizi Pada Anak Usia 12-24 Bulan Di Posyandu Teratai Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ciasem Kabupaten Subang Tahun 2020. Syntax Idea, 2(8), 415–428.
Sarwoko, S. (2021). Hubungan Kepadatan Hunian, Ventilasi, dan Pencahayaan dengan Kejadian ISPA pada Balita di Desa Talang Jawa Wilayah Kerja UPTD Puskesmas Tanjung Agung Kecamatan Baturaja Barat Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Tahun 2020. Cendekia Medika: Jurnal Stikes Al-Maarif Baturaja, 6(1), 31–36.
Suhartina, S., Siregar, S. D., & Zaluchu, S. O. (2025). Analysis Of Factors Related To The Incidence Of Acute Respiratory Infection In Toddlers In The Area Of Tuntungan Community Health Center, Deli Serdang Regency 2024. International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP), 5(2), 216–223.
Tabalawony, S. L., & Akollo, I. R. (2023). Pengaruh Perilaku Merokok Dan Pemakaian Obat Nyamuk Bakar Terhadap Kejadian Ispa Pada Balita Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Jazirah Tenggara. Jurnal Riset Kesehatan Poltekkes Depkes Bandung, 15(1), 230–237. https://doi.org/10.34011/juriskesbd.v15i1.2216
Wulandari, P., Siregar, S. M. F., Fera, D., & Jihad, F. F. (2023). Hubungan Riwayat Bblr, Kelengkapan Imunisasi Dan Perilaku Merokok Anggota Keluarga Terhadap Risiko Ispa Pada Balita Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Meukek. JKM (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat) Cendekia Utama, 11(3), 305–318.
Zairinayati, Z., & Putri, D. H. (2020). Hubungan Kepadatan Hunian Dan Luas Ventilasi Ï»¿ Dengan Kejadian Ispa Pada Rumah Susun  Palembang. Indonesian Journal for Health Sciences, 4(2), 121–128. https://doi.org/10.24269/ijhs.v4i2.2488. 2488
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Dina Dwi Nuryani, Dessy Hermawan, Fitri Eka Sari, Ani Oktasari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC-BY-SA). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
